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Нидерланды , неофициально Голландия , — страна в Северо-Западной Европе с заморскими территориями в Карибском море . Это самая большая из четырёх стран, входящих в состав Королевства Нидерландов . Нидерланды состоят из двенадцати провинций ; они граничат с Германией на востоке и Бельгией на юге, с побережьем Северного моря на севере и западе. Они разделяют морские границы с Соединённым Королевством , Германией и Бельгией. Официальный язык — нидерландский, а западно-фризский язык является второстепенным официальным языком в провинции Фрисландия . Нидерландский, английский и папьяменто являются официальными языками на территориях Карибского бассейна .
Нидерланды являются парламентской конституционной монархией с унитарной структурой с 1848 года. Страна имеет традицию пилларизации (разделение граждан на группы по религиозным и политическим убеждениям) и долгую историю социальной толерантности , легализовав проституцию и эвтаназию , а также поддерживая либеральную политику в отношении наркотиков . Нидерланды разрешили избирательное право женщинам в 1919 году и стали первой страной, легализовавшей однополые браки в 2001 году. Ее развитая экономика со смешанным рынком имеет одиннадцатый по величине доход на душу населения в мире. В Гааге находятся Генеральные штаты , Кабинет министров и Верховный суд . Порт Роттердама является самым загруженным в Европе . Схипхол является самым загруженным аэропортом в Нидерландах и четвертым по загруженности в Европе . Будучи развитой страной , Нидерланды являются одним из основателей Европейского Союза , еврозоны , G10 , НАТО , ОЭСР и ВТО , а также частью Шенгенской зоны и трехстороннего Бенилюкса . Здесь размещаются межправительственные организации и международные суды , многие из которых находятся в Гааге. ( Полная статья... )
Здесь отображаются избранные статьи , представляющие собой лучший контент английской Википедии.
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Air Mata Iboe (усовершенствованное написание: Air Mata Ibu ;на малайскомозначает«Слезы матери») — фильм 1941 года изГолландской Ост-Индии(ныне Индонезия), снятый и написанныйНджу Чонг Сенгом. В главных роляхФифи Янг, Рд Исмаил, Али Сароса иАли Джоего. Фильм повествует о матери, которая с любовью воспитывает своих детей, но в конечном итоге предана старшими сыновьями, когда у нее наступают трудные времена. Фильм, заявленный как музыкальная феерия, включал саундтрек Р. Коэсбини и одноименнуюзаглавную песню,написанную Нджу.
Последняя постановка, завершенная кинокомпаниейФреда ЯнгаMajesticFilm Company,Air Mata Iboeбыла выпущена в декабре 1941 года, незадолго дояпонской оккупации Голландской Ост-Индии. Этот фильм, ныне, возможно, утерянный, получил положительные отзывы. Ремейк был снят под тем же названием в 1957 году; Янг повторила свою роль. ( Полная статья... )- Image 2Portrait by Godfrey Kneller, 1690
Mary II (30 April 1662 – 28 December 1694) was Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland with her husband, King William III and II, from 1689 until her death in 1694. She was also Princess of Orange following her marriage on 4 November 1677. Her joint reign with William over Britain is known as that of William and Mary.
Mary was born during the reign of her uncle King Charles II. She was the eldest daughter of James, Duke of York (the future James II of England), and his first wife, Anne Hyde. Mary and her sister Anne were raised as Anglicans at the behest of Charles II, although their parents both converted to Roman Catholicism. Charles lacked legitimate children, making Mary second in the line of succession. At the age of 15, she married her cousin William of Orange, a Protestant. Charles died in 1685 and James became king, making Mary heir presumptive. James's attempts at rule by decree and the birth of his son from a second marriage, James Francis Edward (later known as "the Old Pretender"), led to his deposition in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and the adoption of the English Bill of Rights. (Full article...) - Image 3
Hieronymus Bosch, The Garden of Earthly Delights, oil on oak panels, 205.5 cm × 384.9 cm (81 in × 152 in), Museo del Prado, Madrid
The Garden of Earthly Delights (Dutch: De tuin der lusten, lit. 'The garden of lusts') is the modern title given to a triptych oil painting on oak panels painted by the Early Netherlandish master Hieronymus Bosch, between 1490 and 1510, when Bosch was between 40 and 60 years old. Bosch's religious beliefs are unknown, but interpretations of the work typically assume it is a warning against the perils of temptation. The outer panels place the work on the Third Day of Creation. The intricacy of its symbolism, particularly that of the central panel, has led to a wide range of scholarly interpretations over the centuries.
Twentieth-century art historians are divided as to whether the triptych's central panel is a moral warning or a panorama of the paradise lost. He painted three large triptychs (the others are The Last Judgment of c. 1482 and The Haywain Triptych of c. 1516) that can be read from left to right and in which each panel was essential to the meaning of the whole. Each of these three works presents distinct yet linked themes addressing history and faith. Triptychs from this period were generally intended to be read sequentially, the left and right panels often portraying Eden and the Last Judgment respectively, while the main subject was contained in the centerpiece. (Full article...) - Image 4LSTs landing supplies at Blue Beach, Morotai
The Battle of Morotai, part of the Pacific War, began on 15 September 1944, and continued until the end of the war in August 1945. The fighting started when United States and Australian forces landed on the southwest corner of Morotai, a small island in the Netherlands East Indies (NEI), which the Allies needed as a base to support the liberation of the Philippines later that year. The invading forces greatly outnumbered the island's Japanese defenders and secured their objectives in two weeks. Japanese reinforcements landed on the island between September and November, but lacked the supplies needed to effectively attack the Allied defensive perimeter. Intermittent fighting continued until the end of the war, with the Japanese troops suffering heavy loss of life from disease and starvation.
Morotai's development into an Allied base began shortly after the landing, and two major airfields were ready for use in October. These and other base facilities played an important role in the Liberation of the Philippines during 1944 and 1945. Torpedo boats and aircraft based at Morotai also harassed Japanese positions in the NEI. The island's base facilities were further expanded in 1945 to support the Australian-led Borneo Campaign, and Morotai remained an important logistical hub and command center until the Dutch reestablished their colonial rule in the NEI. (Full article...) - Image 5
Sorga Ka Toedjoe ([ˈsɔrɡa kə ˈtudʒu]; vernacular Malay for Seventh Heaven; also advertised under the Dutch title In Den Zevenden Hemel) is a 1940 film from the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) directed by Joshua and Othniel Wong for Tan's Film. It follows an older couple (Kartolo and Annie Landouw) who are reunited by another, younger couple (Roekiah and Djoemala) after years of separation. The black-and-white film, the first production by Tan's Film after the departure of Rd Mochtar, featured kroncong music and was targeted at lower-class native audiences. It was a commercial and critical success. Roekiah and Djoemala took leading roles in three more films before Tan's closed in 1942. Sorga Ka Toedjoe is now thought lost. (Full article...) - Image 6
Lie Kim Hok (Chinese: 李金福; pinyin: Lǐ Jīnfú; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lì Kim-hok; 1 November 1853 – 6 May 1912) was a peranakan Chinese teacher, writer, and social worker active in the Dutch East Indies and styled the "father of Chinese Malay literature". Born in Buitenzorg (now Bogor), West Java, Lie received his formal education in missionary schools and by the 1870s was fluent in Sundanese, vernacular Malay, and Dutch, though he was unable to understand Chinese. In the mid-1870s he married and began working as the editor of two periodicals published by his teacher and mentor D. J. van der Linden. Lie left the position in 1880. His wife died the following year. Lie published his first books, including the critically acclaimed syair (poem) Sair Tjerita Siti Akbari and grammar book Malajoe Batawi, in 1884. When van der Linden died the following year, Lie purchased the printing press and opened his own company.
Over the following two years Lie published numerous books, including Tjhit Liap Seng, considered the first Chinese Malay novel. He also acquired printing rights for Pembrita Betawi, a newspaper based in Batavia (now Jakarta), and moved to the city. After selling his printing press in 1887, the writer spent three years working in various lines of employment until he found stability in 1890 at a rice mill operated by a friend. The following year he married Tan Sioe Nio, with whom he had four children. Lie published two books in the 1890s and, in 1900, became a founding member of the Chinese organisation Tiong Hoa Hwee Koan, which he left in 1904. Lie focused on his translations and social work for the remainder of his life, until his death from typhus at age 58. (Full article...) - Image 7A newspaper advertisement for Kedok Ketawa from Surabaya
Kedok Ketawa ([kəˈdɔʔ kəˈtawa]; Indonesian for 'The Laughing Mask', also known by the Dutch title Het Lachende Masker) is a 1940 action film from the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). Union Films' first production, it was directed by Jo An Djan. Starring Basoeki Resobowo, Fatimah, and Oedjang, the film follows a young couple who fight off criminals with the help of a masked man.
Advertised as an "Indonesian cocktail of violent actions ... and sweet romance", Kedok Ketawa received positive reviews, particularly for its cinematography. Following the success of the film, Union produced another six works before being shut down in early 1942 during the Japanese occupation. The film, screened until at least August 1944, may be lost. (Full article...) - Image 8Soeara Berbisa ([suˈara bərˈbisa]; Perfected Spelling: Suara Berbisa; Indonesian for Venomous Voice) is a 1941 film from the Dutch East Indies. Produced by Ang Hock Liem for Union Films and directed by R Hu, this black-and-white film stars Raden Soekarno, Ratna Djoewita, Oedjang, and Soehaena. The story, written by Djojopranoto, follows two young men who compete for the affections of a woman before learning that they are long-lost brothers.
Filmed in September and October 1941, Soeara Berbisa features keroncong music and was shot partly in western Java. It was released to coincide with the Eid al-Fitr holiday and rated for all ages. Advertisements emphasised the film's appeal to both native and Dutch audiences, and a review in De Indische Courant was positive. Although the film—Union's penultimate production—was screened as late as 1949, it is now likely lost. (Full article...) - Image 9
The Huguenot-Walloon half dollar or Huguenot-Walloon Tercentenary half dollar is a commemorative coin issued by the United States Bureau of the Mint in 1924. It marks the 300th anniversary of the voyage of the Nieuw Nederlandt which landed in the New York area in 1624. Many of the passengers were Huguenots from France or French-speaking Walloons from what is now Belgium; they became early settlers of New York State and the surrounding area.
A commission run by the Federal Council of Churches in America sought issuance of a half dollar to mark the anniversary, and the bill passed through Congress without opposition in 1923 and was signed by President Warren G. Harding. Sketches were prepared by commission chairman Reverend John Baer Stoudt and converted to plaster models by the Mint's aging chief engraver, George T. Morgan. The models were initially rejected by the Commission of Fine Arts, which required revisions under the supervision of Buffalo nickel designer James Earle Fraser. (Full article...) - Image 10Harta Berdarah ([harˈta bərˈdarah]; Indonesian for Bloody Treasure) is a 1940 action film from the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). Set in the Middle Ages, the film stars R Sukran and Hadidjah as a pirate and a princess who fall in love. Union Films, the country's first indigenous film production house, produced the film with Rd Ariffien and R Hu as directors. It was written by Saeroen, one of the country's most prolific screenwriters.The film, which stars Zonder and Soelastri, tells of a young man who convinces a stingy hadji to be more charitable and, in the process, falls in love with the man's daughter.
Released during Eid al-Fitr, Harta Berdarah was advertised as a "magnificent Indonesian action hit" and used Zonder's silat skills and Soelastri's fame as a keroncong singer to draw audiences. Reviews for the work were positive, with praise focused on its acting and story. Although Harta Berdarah was screened as late as 1944, as with most contemporary productions it is now likely lost. (Full article...)
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Избранные списки были определены сообществом Википедии как лучшие списки в английской Википедии.
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Плакат фильма «Loetoeng Kasaroeng» , первого фильма местного производства, выпущенного в Голландской Ост-Индии
Известно, что в Голландской Ост-Индии (современная Индонезия) между 1926 годом и роспуском колонии в 1949 году было снято в общей сложности 112 художественных фильмов. Самые ранние фильмы, импортированные из-за рубежа, были показаны в конце 1900 года, а к началу 1920-х годов показывались импортные сериалы и художественные фильмы, часто с местными названиями. Голландские компании также снимали документальные фильмы об Индиях для показа в Нидерландах. Первые сообщения о производстве художественных фильмов в Индиях датируются 1923 годом, хотя работа, о которой идет речь, не была завершена. Первый фильм местного производства, Loetoeng Kasaroeng , был снят Л. Хойвелдорпом и выпущен 31 декабря 1926 года. Между 1926 и 1933 годами было выпущено множество других местных постановок. Хотя голландцы, такие как Хойвелдорп и Джордж Крюгерс, продолжали активно работать в отрасли, большинство режиссеров и продюсеров были этническими китайцами . Братья Тан (Кхен Яув и Кхен Хиан) и Тенг Чун были основными продюсерами в этот период, в то время как братья Вонг (Нельсон, Отниэль и Джошуа) были среди наиболее известных режиссеров. В середине 1930-х годов производство упало в результате Великой депрессии . Выход коммерчески и критически успешного фильма Альберта Балинка Terang Boelan ( Полная луна ) в 1937 году привел к возобновлению интереса к кинопроизводству, и в 1941 году было выпущено тридцать фильмов местного производства. Этот темп производства снизился после японской оккупации , начавшейся в начале 1942 года, которая закрыла все, кроме одной киностудии; это привело к тому, что несколько фильмов, производство которых началось в 1941 году, были выпущены несколько лет спустя. Большинство фильмов, снятых во время оккупации, были короткими пропагандистскими произведениями. После провозглашения независимости Индонезии в 1945 году и во время последовавшей за этим революции было снято несколько фильмов как проголландскими, так и проиндонезийскими сторонниками; Голландцы официально признали суверенитет Индонезии 27 декабря 1949 года, в результате чего Голландская Ост-Индия прекратила свое существование. ( Полная статья... ) - Image 2This page is a list of films that received the Golden Film since its introduction in 2001 by the Netherlands Film Festival and the Netherlands Film Fund. In 2001 and 2002, films from the Netherlands received the award once they had sold 75,000 tickets. From 2003 to date, the Golden Film is awarded to films from the Netherlands once they have sold 100,000 tickets. This page shows, for both audience criteria, which films received the Golden Film and how soon they received it after their releases.
In the following tables, the 'year' column contains the years in which the films received the Golden Film, the '#' column contains the number of the Golden Film, the 'film title' column contains the titles of the receiving films, the 'film release' column contains the dates on which the films were first released in the cinemas, and the 'Golden Film' column contains the days when the Netherlands Film Festival and the Netherlands Film Fund announced that the receiving films reached the audience criterion of the Golden Film. (Full article...) - Image 3
The Wong brothers (one pictured) were the first ethnic Chinese directors in the Indies.
Twenty-nine people are recorded as having directed fictional films in the Dutch East Indies between 1926, when L. Heuveldorp released Loetoeng Kasaroeng, the colony's first domestically produced film, and 1949, when the Dutch formally recognised Indonesia's sovereignty after a four-year revolution, leaving the Dutch East Indies defunct. Thirteen directors active in the Indies continued to direct films after 1950, including Usmar Ismail: his 1950 film Darah dan Doa (The Long March) is generally considered the first truly Indonesian film.
The colony's first directors, L. Heuveldorp and George Krugers, were of European or mixed descent. They were followed by ethnic Chinese soon after, when Nelson Wong made his debut in 1928 with Lily van Java; other Chinese directors included Lie Tek Swie (1929), Wong's brothers Joshua and Othniel (1930), and The Teng Chun (1931). Ethnic Chinese directors dominated the colony's cinema for the remainder of its existence. The first native director, Bachtiar Effendi, made his debut in 1932 with the talkie Njai Dasima; another native director would not appear until Andjar Asmara and Rd Ariffien made their debuts in 1940. (Full article...) - Image 4Since 1 January 2023, there have been 342 regular municipalities (Dutch: gemeenten [ɣəˈmeːntə(n)] ⓘ; sing. gemeente [ɣəˈmeːntə] ⓘ) and three special municipalities (Dutch: bijzondere gemeenten [biˈzɔndərə -]) in the Netherlands. The latter is the status of three of the six island territories that make up the Dutch Caribbean. Municipalities are the second-level administrative division, or public bodies (Dutch: openbare lichamen), in the Netherlands and are subdivisions of their respective provinces. Their duties are delegated to them by the central government and they are ruled by a municipal council that is elected every four years. Municipal mergers have reduced the total number of municipalities by two-thirds since the first official boundaries were created in the mid 19th century. Municipalities themselves are informally subdivided into districts and neighbourhoods for administrative and statistical purposes.
These municipalities come in a wide range of sizes, Westervoort is the smallest with a land area of 7.01 km2 (2.71 sq mi) and Súdwest-Fryslân the largest with a land area of 522.7 km2 (201.8 sq mi). Schiermonnikoog is both the least populated, with 972 people, and the least densely populated municipality at 23/km2 (60/sq mi). Amsterdam has the highest population with 931,298 residents as of January 2024, whereas The Hague is the most densely populated with a density of 6,868/km2 (17,790/sq mi). (Full article...) - Image 5
The Battle of Camperdown, painted by Philip de Loutherbourg in 1799.
The Battle of Camperdown was an important naval action of the French Revolutionary Wars, fought off Camperduin on the North Holland coast on 11 October 1797 between a British fleet under Admiral Adam Duncan and a Dutch fleet under Vice-Admiral Jan de Winter. The French Republic had overrun the Dutch Republic two years earlier, reforming it into the Batavian Republic. In early 1797, the Batavian Navy was ordered to sail to Brest and unite with the French Atlantic Fleet in preparation for an invasion of Ireland. Shortly afterwards, the British fleets were paralysed by the Spithead and Nore mutinies, in which the sailors refused to take their ships to sea until they were awarded better pay and conditions. For two months[citation needed], the English Channel was undefended, but the Dutch failed to take the opportunity to sail from their harbour in the Texel: their preparations were not complete, and a small squadron of loyal British ships under Duncan convinced de Winter that the British fleet was at sea by sending nonsensical signals to fictitious ships over the horizon.
By October 1797, the plan to attack Ireland had been abandoned and the British North Sea Fleet was again at full strength. During a brief period replenishing supplies at Yarmouth, news reached Duncan on 10 October that the Dutch had sailed on a raiding cruise[citation needed] and he returned to the Dutch coast, intercepting de Winter's fleet on its way back to the Texel. The Dutch formed a line of battle in shallow coastal waters to meet Duncan's attack, which was conducted in a confused mass, the British fleet separating into two groups that struck the vanguard and rear of the Dutch fleet, overwhelming each in turn and capturing eleven ships, including de Winter's flagship Vrijheid. On the return journey, three of the captured ships were lost, and none of the surviving Dutch prizes was ever suitable for active service again[citation needed]. Both sides suffered heavy casualties during the battle as each fleet had been trained to aim at the hulls of their opponents, maximising the damage to personnel. (Full article...) - Image 6Twenty-two people are recorded as having produced fictional films in the Dutch East Indies between 1926, when L. Heuveldorp released Loetoeng Kasaroeng, the colony's first domestically produced film, and 1949, when the Dutch formally recognised Indonesia's sovereignty after a four-year revolution, leaving the Dutch East Indies defunct. Altogether, they are credited for 93 of all known films produced in the Indies, and four of them remained active after independence. All were men; the first female film producer in Indonesia, Ratna Asmara, produced her first film in 1953.
The colony's first producer, Heuveldorp, was of European descent. He was followed in 1928 by the ethnic Chinese businessmen Tjan Tjoen Lian and Liem Goan Lian, who began work on Lily van Java but soon pulled out, to be replaced by David Wong. By 1930 Chinese producers had dominated the industry. The most active of these, The Teng Chun, made his debut in 1931 with Boenga Roos dari Tjikembang; he would go on to produce another 27 films before independence. No native Indonesian film producers are recorded from this period, although several productions were credited only to companies. (Full article...) - Image 7The Amsterdam Tournament (Dutch: Amsterdam Toernooi) was a pre-season association football competition, held in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The competition was hosted by Eredivisie club Ajax at the Amsterdam Arena. It was inaugurated in 1975 as the Amsterdam 700 Tournament to celebrate 700 years of history in the city. It was held annually each summer until 1992, when the last edition of the original tournament was played. It returned in 1999 with the backing of the International Event Partnership (IEP). Four teams participate in the competition, played in a league format since 1986.
Since its return, the tournament has used an unusual point scoring system. As with most league competitions, three points are awarded for a win, one for a draw and zero for a loss. An additional point, however, is awarded for each goal scored. The system is designed to reward teams that adopt a more attacking style of play. Each entrant plays two matches, with the winner being the club that finishes at the top of the table. The original competition was held at Amsterdam's Olympic Stadium, where Ajax played its international games until 1996. The Amsterdam Arena, now named the Johan Cruyff Arena, has played host to the event since the return until 2009. (Full article...)
Избранная биография
Аннелис Мари «Анна» Франк была еврейской девочкой немецкого происхождения из города Франкфурт . Она получила международную известность посмертно после публикации своего дневника , в котором задокументирован ее опыт укрытия во время немецкой оккупации Нидерландов во время Второй мировой войны .
Анна и ее семья переехали в Амстердам в 1933 году после того, как нацисты пришли к власти в Германии, и оказались в ловушке оккупации Нидерландов, которая началась в 1940 году. Поскольку преследования еврейского населения усилились, семья спряталась в июле 1942 года в тайных комнатах в здании офиса ее отца Отто Франка . Через два года группу предали и отправили в концентрационные лагеря . Через семь месяцев после ареста Анна Франк умерла от тифа в концентрационном лагере Берген-Бельзен , в течение нескольких дней после смерти ее сестры Марго Франк . Ее отец Отто, единственный выживший из группы, вернулся в Амстердам после войны, чтобы обнаружить, что ее дневник был спасен, и его усилия привели к его публикации в 1947 году. Он был переведен с оригинального голландского языка и впервые опубликован на английском языке в 1952 году под названием « Дневник молодой девушки» .
Здесь отображаются избранные фотографии , представляющие собой лучшие изображения английской Википедии.
- Image 1Раден Салех (1811–1880) был романтическим художником арабо - яванского происхождения из Голландской Ост-Индии (ныне Индонезия ). Родившись в Семаранге , в 1829 году он был отправлен в Нидерланды, чтобы изучать портретную и пейзажную живопись у таких художников, как Корнелис Круземан и Андреас Шельфхаут . Вернувшись на Яву в 1851 году, Салех сосредоточился преимущественно на повседневной жизни яванцев, хотя он также завершил свой magnum opus , Арест Пангерана Дипонегоро , в этот период.
Эта картина, хотя долгое время считалась автопортретом, теперь приписывается Фридриху Карлу Альберту Шрейелю , немецкому художнику, которого Салех знал во время своего пребывания в Европе. - Image 2A stitched panorama of a canal in the city of Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands. A series of concentric, semi-circular canals ("grachten") were dug around the old city centre in the 17th century, along which houses and warehouses were built. The canals still define Amsterdam's layout and appearance today.
- Image 3Banknotes: Bank of IndonesiaThe rupiah is the national currency of Indonesia. Introduced in 1946 by Indonesian nationalists fighting for independence, the currency replaced a version of the Netherlands Indies gulden which had been introduced during the Japanese occupation in World War II. In its early years the rupiah was used in conjunction with other currencies, including a new version of the gulden introduced by the Dutch. Since 1950, it has had a lengthy history of inflation and revaluation. As of August 2018[update]
'"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000018-QINU`"'
, the currency—which is issued and controlled by the Bank of Indonesia—is trading for more than 14,600 rupiah to the United States dollar.
This note, denominated 2,000 rupiah, is part of the 2009 series. It depicts Prince Antasari, a National Hero of Indonesia, on its obverse, and a traditional Dayak dance on its reverse.
See other denominations: Rp 1,000, Rp 5,000, Rp 10,000, Rp 20,000, Rp 50,000, Rp 100,000 - Image 4Banknotes: Bank of IndonesiaThe rupiah is the national currency of Indonesia. Introduced in 1946 by Indonesian nationalists fighting for independence, the currency replaced a version of the Netherlands Indies gulden which had been introduced during the Japanese occupation in World War II. In its early years the rupiah was used in conjunction with other currencies, including a new version of the gulden introduced by the Dutch. Since 1950, it has had a lengthy history of inflation and revaluation. As of August 2018[update]
'"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000019-QINU`"'
, the currency—which is issued and controlled by the Bank of Indonesia—is trading for more than 14,600 rupiah to the United States dollar.
This note, denominated 1,000 rupiah, is part of the 2000 series. It depicts Pattimura, a National Hero of Indonesia, on its obverse, and the islands of Maitara and Tidore on its reverse.
See other denominations: Rp 2,000, Rp 5,000, Rp 10,000, Rp 20,000, Rp 50,000, Rp 100,000 - Image 5Banknotes: Empire of Japan. Reproduction: National Numismatic Collection, National Museum of American History at the Smithsonian InstitutionThe Japanese-issued Netherlands Indies gulden was the currency issued by the Japanese Empire when it occupied the Dutch East Indies during World War II. Following the Dutch capitulation in March 1942, the Japanese closed all banks, seized assets and currency, and assumed control of the economy in the territory. They began issuing military banknotes, as had previously been done in other occupied territories. These were printed in Japan, but retained the name of the pre-war currency and replaced the Dutch gulden at par. From 1943 the military banknotes were replaced by identical bank-issued notes printed within the territory, and the currency was renamed the roepiah from 1944. The currency was replaced by the Indonesian rupiah in 1946, one year after the Japanese surrender and the country's independence.
This note, denominated ten gulden, is part of the 1942 series.
See other denominations: One cent · Five cents · Ten cents · Half gulden · One gulden, Five gulden, Ten gulden - Image 6De Magere Compagnie (completed 1637), which depicts a company of schutterij, a voluntary city guard or citizen militia in the medieval and early modern Netherlands. Frans Hals was commissioned to create this, but he was unable to complete it after three years, and the company hired Pieter Codde to finish it. Group portraits such as this of schutterij were known as schuttersstuk, and were popular among the guards themselves.
- Image 7Card: Government of Dutch Guiana; image courtesy of the National Numismatic CollectionCard money, printed on plain cardboard or playing cards, was issued from the 17th to the 19th century to supplement the supply of money in several countries and colonies.
This playing card from Dutch Guiana (now Suriname), dated 1801, has a face value of one guilder. In that colony, card money was first issued in 1761, initially backed by bills of exchange from the Netherlands; but later it was released unsecured, and inflation was an issue for much of the currency's lifetime, with the value fluctuating wildly until it was replaced with paper money in 1826 and formally discontinued two years later. - Image 8Painting: Cornelis KrusemanJohannes van den Bosch (1780–1844) was a Dutch officer and politician who served variously as Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (1830–1833), commander of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army, and Minister of Colonies (1834–1840). He introduced a regulation making the Constitution of the Netherlands apply in the West Indies, as well as the Cultivation System in the East Indies.
- Image 9Map credit: Gsl/I. PankoninA map of troop movements during the Waterloo Campaign, leading up to the Battle of Waterloo where Napoleon Bonaparte was defeated. Napoleon's Army of the North came up against a coalition army composed of forces from the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Prussia, Hanover, Nassau, and Brunswick. Beginning 15 June 1815, the combatants fought successively in the Battle of Quatre Bras, the Battle of Ligny, the Battle of Waterloo, and lastly the Battle of Wavre.
- Image 10Photochrom: Detroit Publishing Company; restoration: Adam CuerdenDelftsevaart is a canal in the city of Rotterdam in the Netherlands. It is seen here on a photochrom print released around 1900. During World War II, this area of the city was destroyed in the 1940 Rotterdam Blitz, but the St. Lawrence Church, visible in the background, survived the war.
- Image 11Painting: Nicolaas PienemanJan Jacob Rochussen (1797–1871) was a Dutch politician who served as Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies and, later, Prime Minister of the Netherlands. Beginning his political career as a tax collector, Rochussen spent most of his life with an interest in finance and financial reform.
- Image 12Photo: Nick van OrmondtMark Rutte is (as of 2011) the incumbent Prime Minister of the Netherlands. He has been the leader of the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) party since 2006. In the 2010 general election, the VVD won the highest number of votes cast, resulting in their occupying 31 of the 150 seats in the House of Representatives. When he was sworn in on 14 October 2010, he became the first liberal Prime Minister in the Netherlands in 92 years.
- Image 13Photograph credit: Tati Photo Studio; restored by Chris WoodrichBaby Huwae (22 November 1939 – 5 June 1989) was an Indonesian model, film actress and singer. Born in Rotterdam, Netherlands, she moved to Indonesia, where she took up modelling, by the 1950s. She entered the film industry in 1958, and gained popularity following the success of Asrama Dara. Over the next few years, Huwae acted in a further five films and established a girl group, the Baby Dolls, with several actresses who had appeared in her second film. She made a guest appearance in one more film in 1971 after a ten-year hiatus.
- Image 14Image credit: Detroit Publishing Co.
Restoration by Massimo CatarinellaA ca. 1900 photochrom of the Singel, a canal in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, with the Munttoren tower in the background. The canal served as a moat around the city until 1585, when Amsterdam expanded beyond the Singel. It is now the innermost canal in Amsterdam's semicircular ring of canals. - Image 15A self-portrait of Louis-Marie Autissier (1772–1830), a French-born Belgian portrait miniature painter. He is considered the founder of the Belgian school of miniature painting in the nineteenth century. Born at Vannes, in Brittany, he joined the French Revolutionary Army at Rennes in 1791. On leaving the army in 1795, Autissier went to Paris and trained his art by studying paintings at the Louvre. In 1796 he settled in Brussels, but continued to divide his time between Belgium, the Netherlands, and France. Although he enjoyed great success in his career, serving as court painter to Louis Napoleon, French King of the Netherlands, and later to Willem I, Autissier died penniless.
![Image 3 Indonesian rupiah Banknotes: Bank of Indonesia The rupiah is the national currency of Indonesia. Introduced in 1946 by Indonesian nationalists fighting for independence, the currency replaced a version of the Netherlands Indies gulden which had been introduced during the Japanese occupation in World War II. In its early years the rupiah was used in conjunction with other currencies, including a new version of the gulden introduced by the Dutch. Since 1950, it has had a lengthy history of inflation and revaluation. As of August 2018[update] '"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000018-QINU`"' , the currency—which is issued and controlled by the Bank of Indonesia—is trading for more than 14,600 rupiah to the United States dollar. This note, denominated 2,000 rupiah, is part of the 2009 series. It depicts Prince Antasari, a National Hero of Indonesia, on its obverse, and a traditional Dayak dance on its reverse. See other denominations: Rp 1,000, Rp 5,000, Rp 10,000, Rp 20,000, Rp 50,000, Rp 100,000 More selected pictures](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/2000_rupiah_bill,_2009_series_(2014_date),_processed,_obverse+reverse.jpg/1280px-2000_rupiah_bill,_2009_series_(2014_date),_processed,_obverse+reverse.jpg)
![Image 4 Indonesian rupiah Banknotes: Bank of Indonesia The rupiah is the national currency of Indonesia. Introduced in 1946 by Indonesian nationalists fighting for independence, the currency replaced a version of the Netherlands Indies gulden which had been introduced during the Japanese occupation in World War II. In its early years the rupiah was used in conjunction with other currencies, including a new version of the gulden introduced by the Dutch. Since 1950, it has had a lengthy history of inflation and revaluation. As of August 2018[update] '"`UNIQ--nowiki-00000019-QINU`"' , the currency—which is issued and controlled by the Bank of Indonesia—is trading for more than 14,600 rupiah to the United States dollar. This note, denominated 1,000 rupiah, is part of the 2000 series. It depicts Pattimura, a National Hero of Indonesia, on its obverse, and the islands of Maitara and Tidore on its reverse. See other denominations: Rp 2,000, Rp 5,000, Rp 10,000, Rp 20,000, Rp 50,000, Rp 100,000 More selected pictures](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/1000_rupiah_bill,_2000_series_(2013_date),_processed,_obverse+reverse.jpg/1280px-1000_rupiah_bill,_2000_series_(2013_date),_processed,_obverse+reverse.jpg)
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_card_money.jpg/1280px-Dutch_Guiana-Suriname-1_Guilder_(1801)_card_money.jpg)
Вы знали(сгенерировано автоматически)
- ... что еврейское кладбище в голландском городе Хорн было расчищено в 1968 году, чтобы освободить место для дороги, а останки и надгробия были перенесены на общественное кладбище?
- ... что, согласно исследованию, опубликованному в 2023 году, Мария де Кнуйт , а не ее муж, на самом деле была главным покровителем голландского художника Яна Вермеера ?
- ... что Тьярда Штруик — первая в Нидерландах женщина-мэр, которая почти слепа, и влиятельная персона в TikTok ?
- ... что Харальд Хассельбах , единственный голландский чемпион Суперкубка , в юности жил на четырех континентах?
- ... что «Люккен» , традиционная десертная вафля из Западной Фландрии , получила свое название от голландского слова, означающего «удача»?
- ... что голландский агроном Германус Йоханнес Ловинк во время своих лекций использовал чемоданный граммофон ?
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Что вы можете сделать
Голландский Википортал в настоящее время находится в стадии разработки. Помощь будет высоко оценена!
Смотрите также:
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