Портал:Рыба
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Рыбный портал

Рыба-клоун Ocellaris (Amphiprion ocellaris) в Папуа-Новой Гвинее

Рыба ( мн. ч .: рыба или рыбы ) — водное , анамниотическое , жаброносное позвоночное животное с плавательными плавниками и твёрдым черепом , но без конечностей с пальцами . Рыб можно сгруппировать в более базальных бесчелюстных рыб и более распространённых челюстных рыб , к последним относятся все ныне живущие хрящевые и костистые рыбы , а также вымершие плакодермы и акантоды . Большинство рыб холоднокровные , температура их тела меняется в зависимости от окружающей воды, хотя некоторые крупные активные пловцы, такие как белая акула и тунец, могут поддерживать более высокую внутреннюю температуру . Многие рыбы могут общаться друг с другом акустически, например, во время ухаживаний .

Рыба была важным природным ресурсом для людей с доисторических времен, особенно в качестве пищи . Рыболовы, занимающиеся коммерческим и натуральным промыслом, ловят рыбу в диких рыболовных хозяйствах или разводят ее в прудах или в садках для разведения в океане. Рыбу ловят для отдыха или выращивают аквариумисты в качестве украшений для частных и общественных выставок в аквариумах и садовых прудах . Рыбы играли роль в человеческой культуре на протяжении веков, выступая в качестве божеств , религиозных символов и как предметы искусства, книг и фильмов. ( Полная статья... )

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  • Изображение 1 Карибская рифовая акула (Carcharhinus perezi) — вид серых акул, принадлежащий к семейству Carcharhinidae. Она встречается в тропических водах западной части Атлантического океана от Флориды до Бразилии и является наиболее часто встречающейся рифовой акулой в Карибском море. С крепким, обтекаемым телом, типичным для серых акул, этот вид трудно отличить от других крупных членов своего семейства, таких как темная акула (C. obscurus) и шелковая акула (C. falciformis). Отличительные характеристики включают темные плавники без заметных отметин, короткий свободный задний кончик на втором спинном плавнике, а также форму и количество зубов. Карибская рифовая акула длиной до 3 м (9,8 фута) является одним из крупнейших хищников в экосистеме рифа, питаясь различными рыбами и головоногими моллюсками. Они были задокументированы неподвижно отдыхающими на дне моря или внутри пещер, что необычно для активно плавающей акулы. Если им угрожает опасность, они могут устроить демонстрацию угрозы, часто меняя направление и опуская грудные плавники. Как и другие акулы-реквиемы, они живородящие, самки рожают по 4–6 детенышей каждые два года. Карибские рифовые акулы имеют определенное значение для рыболовства как источник мяса, кожи, печеночного жира и рыбной муки, но в последнее время они стали более ценными как экотуристическая достопримечательность. На Багамах и в других местах для привлечения их к группам дайверов во время спорных «акульих кормлений» используется приманка. Этот вид несет ответственность за небольшое количество нападений на людей. Нападения акул обычно происходят весной и летом. (Полная статья...)
    Изображение 1

    Карибская рифовая акула ( Carcharhinus perezi ) — вид серых акул , принадлежащий к семейству Carcharhinidae . Она встречается в тропических водах западной части Атлантического океана от Флориды до Бразилии и является наиболее часто встречающейся рифовой акулой в Карибском море . С крепким, обтекаемым телом, типичным для серых акул, этот вид трудно отличить от других крупных членов своего семейства, таких как темная акула ( C. obscurus ) и шелковистая акула ( C. falciformis ). Отличительные характеристики включают темные плавники без заметных отметин, короткий свободный задний кончик на втором спинном плавнике , а также форму и количество зубов.

    Карибская рифовая акула длиной до 3 м (9,8 фута) является одним из крупнейших хищников в экосистеме рифа , питаясь различными рыбами и головоногими моллюсками . Они были задокументированы неподвижно отдыхающими на дне моря или внутри пещер, необычное поведение для активно плавающей акулы. Если им угрожает опасность, они могут устроить демонстрацию угрозы, во время которой они часто меняют направление и опускают свои грудные плавники . Как и другие акулы-реквиемы, они живородящие , самки рожают 4–6 детенышей каждые два года. Карибские рифовые акулы имеют определенное значение для рыболовства как источник мяса, кожи , печеночного жира и рыбной муки , но в последнее время они стали более ценными как экотуристическая достопримечательность. На Багамах и в других местах для привлечения их к группам дайверов во время спорных «акульих кормлений» используется приманка. Этот вид несет ответственность за небольшое количество нападений на людей. Нападения акул обычно происходят весной и летом. ( Полная статья... )
  • Image 2 The Pacific angelshark (Squatina californica) is a species of angelshark, family Squatinidae, found in the eastern Pacific Ocean from Alaska to the Gulf of California, and from Ecuador to Chile, although those in the Gulf of California and southeastern Pacific may in fact be separate species. The Pacific angelshark inhabits shallow, coastal waters on sandy flats, usually near rocky reefs, kelp forests, or other underwater features. This species resembles other angel sharks in appearance, with a flattened body and greatly enlarged pectoral and pelvic fins. Characteristic features of this shark include a pair of cone-shaped barbels on its snout, angular pectoral fins, and a brown or gray dorsal coloration with many small dark markings. It attains a maximum length of 1.5 m (4.9 ft). An ambush predator, the Pacific angelshark conceals itself on the sea floor and waits for approaching prey, primarily bony fishes and squid. Prey are targeted visually and, with a quick upward thrust of the head, snatched in protrusible jaws. Individual sharks actively choose ideal ambush sites, where they stay for several days before moving on to a new one. This species is more active at night than during the day, when it stays buried in sediment and seldom moves. Reproduction is ovoviviparous, with the embryos hatching inside the mother's uterus and being sustained by a yolk sac until birth. Females give birth to an average of six young every spring. (Full article...)
    Изображение 2

    Тихоокеанская акула-ангел ( Squatina californica ) — вид акул-ангелов семейства Squatinidae, обитающий в восточной части Тихого океана от Аляски до Калифорнийского залива и от Эквадора до Чили , хотя те, что обитают в Калифорнийском заливе и юго-восточной части Тихого океана, на самом деле могут быть отдельными видами. Тихоокеанская акула-ангел обитает в мелководных прибрежных водах на песчаных отмелях, обычно вблизи скалистых рифов , зарослей водорослей или других подводных объектов. Этот вид напоминает других акул-ангелов по внешнему виду, с уплощенным телом и значительно увеличенными грудными и брюшными плавниками . Характерные черты этой акулы включают пару конусообразных усиков на морде, угловатые грудные плавники и коричневую или серую окраску спины со множеством мелких темных отметин. Она достигает максимальной длины 1,5 м (4,9 фута).

    Хищник , нападающий из засады , тихоокеанская акула-ангел скрывается на морском дне и ждет приближающуюся добычу, в первую очередь костистых рыб и кальмаров . Добыча выслеживается визуально и, быстрым рывком головы вверх, схватывается выступающими челюстями. Отдельные акулы активно выбирают идеальные места для засады, где они остаются в течение нескольких дней, прежде чем перейти к новому. Этот вид более активен ночью, чем днем, когда он остается зарытым в осадок и редко двигается. Размножение яйцеживорождение , при этом эмбрионы вылупляются внутри матки матери и поддерживаются желточным мешком до рождения. Самки рожают в среднем шесть детенышей каждую весну. ( Полная статья... )
  • Image 3 The silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis), also known by numerous names such as blackspot shark, gray whaler shark, olive shark, ridgeback shark, sickle shark, sickle-shaped shark and sickle silk shark, is a species of requiem shark, in the family Carcharhinidae, named for the smooth texture of its skin. It is one of the most abundant sharks in the pelagic zone, and can be found around the world in tropical waters. Highly mobile and migratory, this shark is most often found over the edge of the continental shelf down to 50 m (164 ft). The silky shark has a slender, streamlined body and typically grows to a length of 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in). It can be distinguished from other large requiem sharks by its relatively small first dorsal fin with a curving rear margin, its tiny second dorsal fin with a long free rear tip, and its long, sickle-shaped pectoral fins. It is a deep, metallic bronze-gray above and white below. With prey often scarce in its oceanic environment, the silky shark is a swift, inquisitive, and persistent hunter. It feeds mainly on bony fishes and cephalopods, and has been known to drive them into compacted schools before launching open-mouthed, slashing attacks. This species often trails schools of tuna, a favored prey. Its sense of hearing is extremely acute, allowing it to localize the low-frequency noises generated by other feeding animals, and, by extension, sources of food. The silky shark is viviparous, meaning that the developing embryos are sustained by a placental connection to their mother. Significant geographical variation is seen in its life history details. Reproduction occurs year-round except in the Gulf of Mexico, where it follows a seasonal cycle. Females give birth to litters of up to 16 pups annually or biennially. The newborn sharks spend their first months in relatively sheltered reef nurseries on the outer continental shelf, growing substantially before moving into the open ocean. (Full article...)
    Image 3

    The silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis), also known by numerous names such as blackspot shark, gray whaler shark, olive shark, ridgeback shark, sickle shark, sickle-shaped shark and sickle silk shark, is a species of requiem shark, in the family Carcharhinidae, named for the smooth texture of its skin. It is one of the most abundant sharks in the pelagic zone, and can be found around the world in tropical waters. Highly mobile and migratory, this shark is most often found over the edge of the continental shelf down to 50 m (164 ft). The silky shark has a slender, streamlined body and typically grows to a length of 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in). It can be distinguished from other large requiem sharks by its relatively small first dorsal fin with a curving rear margin, its tiny second dorsal fin with a long free rear tip, and its long, sickle-shaped pectoral fins. It is a deep, metallic bronze-gray above and white below.

    With prey often scarce in its oceanic environment, the silky shark is a swift, inquisitive, and persistent hunter. It feeds mainly on bony fishes and cephalopods, and has been known to drive them into compacted schools before launching open-mouthed, slashing attacks. This species often trails schools of tuna, a favored prey. Its sense of hearing is extremely acute, allowing it to localize the low-frequency noises generated by other feeding animals, and, by extension, sources of food. The silky shark is viviparous, meaning that the developing embryos are sustained by a placental connection to their mother. Significant geographical variation is seen in its life history details. Reproduction occurs year-round except in the Gulf of Mexico, where it follows a seasonal cycle. Females give birth to litters of up to 16 pups annually or biennially. The newborn sharks spend their first months in relatively sheltered reef nurseries on the outer continental shelf, growing substantially before moving into the open ocean. (Full article...)
  • Image 4 Oblique view of a goldfish (Carassius auratus), showing pored scales of the lateral line system The lateral line, also called the lateral line organ (LLO), is a system of sensory organs found in fish, used to detect movement, vibration, and pressure gradients in the surrounding water. The sensory ability is achieved via modified epithelial cells, known as hair cells, which respond to displacement caused by motion and transduce these signals into electrical impulses via excitatory synapses. Lateral lines play an important role in schooling behavior, predation, and orientation. Early in the evolution of fish, some of the sensory organs of the lateral line were modified to function as the electroreceptors called ampullae of Lorenzini. The lateral line system is ancient and basal to the vertebrate clade, as it is found in fishes that diverged over 400 million years ago. (Full article...)
    Image 4
    Oblique view of a goldfish (Carassius auratus), showing pored scales of the lateral line system

    The lateral line, also called the lateral line organ (LLO), is a system of sensory organs found in fish, used to detect movement, vibration, and pressure gradients in the surrounding water. The sensory ability is achieved via modified epithelial cells, known as hair cells, which respond to displacement caused by motion and transduce these signals into electrical impulses via excitatory synapses. Lateral lines play an important role in schooling behavior, predation, and orientation.

    Early in the evolution of fish, some of the sensory organs of the lateral line were modified to function as the electroreceptors called ampullae of Lorenzini. The lateral line system is ancient and basal to the vertebrate clade, as it is found in fishes that diverged over 400 million years ago. (Full article...)
  • Image 5 Toxotes chatareus, sometimes known by the common names common archerfish, seven-spot archerfish or largescale archerfish, is a species of perciform fish in the archerfish genus Toxotes. They are usually no larger than 20 centimetres (7.9 in) but may grow up to 40 centimetres (16 in). Unlike most archerfish, T. chatareus are sooty rather than silvery in colour. They are omnivorous, feeding on insects, fish, and vegetative matter at the surface of the water. Breeding occurs in the wet season, and 20,000 to 150,000 eggs may be laid at one time. (Full article...)
    Image 5

    Toxotes chatareus, sometimes known by the common names common archerfish, seven-spot archerfish or largescale archerfish, is a species of perciform fish in the archerfish genus Toxotes.

    They are usually no larger than 20 centimetres (7.9 in) but may grow up to 40 centimetres (16 in). Unlike most archerfish, T. chatareus are sooty rather than silvery in colour. They are omnivorous, feeding on insects, fish, and vegetative matter at the surface of the water. Breeding occurs in the wet season, and 20,000 to 150,000 eggs may be laid at one time. (Full article...)
  • Image 6 Alligator gar at Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden The alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula) is a euryhaline ray-finned fish in the clade Ginglymodi of the infraclass Holostei /hoʊˈlɒstiaɪ/, being most closely related to the bowfins. It is the largest species in the gar family (Lepisosteidae), and is among the largest freshwater fish in North America. The fossil record traces its group's existence back to the Early Cretaceous over 100 million years ago. Gars are often referred to as "primitive fishes" or "living fossils", because they have retained some morphological characteristics of their early ancestors, such as a spiral valve intestine, which is also common to the digestive system of sharks, and the ability to breathe in both air and water. Their common name was derived from their resemblance to the American alligator, particularly their broad snouts and long, sharp teeth. It is suggested that an alligator gar can grow up to 10 ft (3.0 m) in length. The body of an alligator gar is torpedo-shaped, usually brown or olive colored, fading to a lighter gray or yellow ventral surface. In very rare occurrences, they can also be black, seen in gars that have a high level of melanin. Their scales are not like the scales of other fishes; rather, they are ganoid scales, which are bone-like, rhomboidal-shaped scales, often with serrated edges, and covered by an enamel-like substance. Ganoid scales are nearly impenetrable, and are excellent protection against predation. Unlike other gar species, the upper jaw of an alligator gar has a dual row of large, sharp teeth that are used to impale and hold prey. Alligator gar are stalking, ambush predators, primarily piscivores, but they also ambush and eat waterfowl and small mammals they find floating on the water's surface. (Full article...)
    Image 6

    Alligator gar at Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden

    The alligator gar (Atractosteus spatula) is a euryhaline ray-finned fish in the clade Ginglymodi of the infraclass Holostei /hoʊˈlɒstiaɪ/, being most closely related to the bowfins. It is the largest species in the gar family (Lepisosteidae), and is among the largest freshwater fish in North America. The fossil record traces its group's existence back to the Early Cretaceous over 100 million years ago. Gars are often referred to as "primitive fishes" or "living fossils", because they have retained some morphological characteristics of their early ancestors, such as a spiral valve intestine, which is also common to the digestive system of sharks, and the ability to breathe in both air and water. Their common name was derived from their resemblance to the American alligator, particularly their broad snouts and long, sharp teeth. It is suggested that an alligator gar can grow up to 10 ft (3.0 m) in length.

    The body of an alligator gar is torpedo-shaped, usually brown or olive colored, fading to a lighter gray or yellow ventral surface. In very rare occurrences, they can also be black, seen in gars that have a high level of melanin. Their scales are not like the scales of other fishes; rather, they are ganoid scales, which are bone-like, rhomboidal-shaped scales, often with serrated edges, and covered by an enamel-like substance. Ganoid scales are nearly impenetrable, and are excellent protection against predation. Unlike other gar species, the upper jaw of an alligator gar has a dual row of large, sharp teeth that are used to impale and hold prey. Alligator gar are stalking, ambush predators, primarily piscivores, but they also ambush and eat waterfowl and small mammals they find floating on the water's surface. (Full article...)
  • Image 7 The porbeagle or porbeagle shark (Lamna nasus) is a species of mackerel shark in the family Lamnidae, distributed widely in the cold and temperate marine waters of the North Atlantic and Southern Hemisphere. In the North Pacific, its ecological equivalent is the closely related salmon shark (L. ditropis). It typically reaches 2.5 m (8.2 ft) in length and a weight of 135 kg (298 lb); North Atlantic sharks grow larger than Southern Hemisphere sharks and differ in coloration and aspects of life history. Gray above and white below, the porbeagle has a very stout midsection that tapers towards the long, pointed snout and the narrow base of the tail. It has large pectoral and first dorsal fins, tiny pelvic, second dorsal, and anal fins, and a crescent-shaped caudal fin. The most distinctive features of this species are its three-cusped teeth, the white blotch at the aft base of its first dorsal fin, and the two pairs of lateral keels on its tail. The porbeagle is an opportunistic hunter that preys mainly on bony fishes and cephalopods throughout the water column, including the bottom. Most commonly found over food-rich banks on the outer continental shelf, it makes occasional forays both close to shore and into the open ocean to a depth of 1,360 m (4,460 ft). It also conducts long-distance seasonal migrations, generally shifting between shallower and deeper water. The porbeagle is fast and highly active, with physiological adaptations that enable it to maintain a higher body temperature than the surrounding water. It can be solitary or gregarious, and has been known to perform seemingly playful behavior. This shark is aplacental viviparous with oophagy, developing embryos being retained within the mother's uterus and subsisting on non-viable eggs. Females typically bear four pups every year. (Full article...)
    Image 7

    The porbeagle or porbeagle shark (Lamna nasus) is a species of mackerel shark in the family Lamnidae, distributed widely in the cold and temperate marine waters of the North Atlantic and Southern Hemisphere. In the North Pacific, its ecological equivalent is the closely related salmon shark (L. ditropis). It typically reaches 2.5 m (8.2 ft) in length and a weight of 135 kg (298 lb); North Atlantic sharks grow larger than Southern Hemisphere sharks and differ in coloration and aspects of life history. Gray above and white below, the porbeagle has a very stout midsection that tapers towards the long, pointed snout and the narrow base of the tail. It has large pectoral and first dorsal fins, tiny pelvic, second dorsal, and anal fins, and a crescent-shaped caudal fin. The most distinctive features of this species are its three-cusped teeth, the white blotch at the aft base of its first dorsal fin, and the two pairs of lateral keels on its tail.

    The porbeagle is an opportunistic hunter that preys mainly on bony fishes and cephalopods throughout the water column, including the bottom. Most commonly found over food-rich banks on the outer continental shelf, it makes occasional forays both close to shore and into the open ocean to a depth of 1,360 m (4,460 ft). It also conducts long-distance seasonal migrations, generally shifting between shallower and deeper water. The porbeagle is fast and highly active, with physiological adaptations that enable it to maintain a higher body temperature than the surrounding water. It can be solitary or gregarious, and has been known to perform seemingly playful behavior. This shark is aplacental viviparous with oophagy, developing embryos being retained within the mother's uterus and subsisting on non-viable eggs. Females typically bear four pups every year. (Full article...)
  • Image 8 The round ribbontail ray or blotched fantail ray, (Taeniurops meyeni) is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, found throughout the nearshore waters of the tropical Indo-Pacific, as well as off islands in the eastern Pacific. It is a bottom-dwelling inhabitant of lagoons, estuaries, and reefs, generally at a depth of 20–60 m (66–197 ft). Reaching 1.8 m (5.9 ft) across, this large ray is characterized by a thick, rounded pectoral fin disc covered by small tubercles on top, and a relatively short tail bearing a deep ventral fin fold. In addition, it has a variable but distinctive light and dark mottled pattern on its upper surface, and a black tail. Generally nocturnal, the round ribbontail ray can be solitary or gregarious, and is an active predator of small, benthic molluscs, crustaceans, and bony fishes. It is aplacental viviparous, with the embryos sustained by yolk, and later histotroph ("uterine milk") secreted by the mother; up to seven pups are born at a time. Although not aggressive, if provoked the round ribbontail ray will defend itself with its venomous tail spine, and it has been responsible for at least one fatality. It is valued by ecotourist divers and recreational anglers. This slow-reproducing species is threatened by commercial fishing, both targeted and as bycatch, and habitat degradation across much of its range. As a result, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed it as Vulnerable. (Full article...)
    Image 8

    The round ribbontail ray or blotched fantail ray, (Taeniurops meyeni) is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, found throughout the nearshore waters of the tropical Indo-Pacific, as well as off islands in the eastern Pacific. It is a bottom-dwelling inhabitant of lagoons, estuaries, and reefs, generally at a depth of 20–60 m (66–197 ft). Reaching 1.8 m (5.9 ft) across, this large ray is characterized by a thick, rounded pectoral fin disc covered by small tubercles on top, and a relatively short tail bearing a deep ventral fin fold. In addition, it has a variable but distinctive light and dark mottled pattern on its upper surface, and a black tail.

    Generally nocturnal, the round ribbontail ray can be solitary or gregarious, and is an active predator of small, benthic molluscs, crustaceans, and bony fishes. It is aplacental viviparous, with the embryos sustained by yolk, and later histotroph ("uterine milk") secreted by the mother; up to seven pups are born at a time. Although not aggressive, if provoked the round ribbontail ray will defend itself with its venomous tail spine, and it has been responsible for at least one fatality. It is valued by ecotourist divers and recreational anglers. This slow-reproducing species is threatened by commercial fishing, both targeted and as bycatch, and habitat degradation across much of its range. As a result, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed it as Vulnerable. (Full article...)
  • Image 9 Ballyhoo (Hemiramphus brasiliensis), a marine halfbeak Hemiramphidae is a family of fishes that are commonly called halfbeaks, spipe fish or spipefish. They are a geographically widespread and numerically abundant family of epipelagic fish inhabiting warm waters around the world. The halfbeaks are named for their distinctive jaws, in which the lower jaws are significantly longer than the upper jaws. The similar viviparous halfbeaks (family Zenarchopteridae) have often been included in this family. Though not commercially important themselves, these forage fish support artisanal fisheries and local markets worldwide. They are also fed upon by other commercially important predatory fishes, such as billfishes, mackerels, and sharks. (Full article...)
    Image 9

    Ballyhoo (Hemiramphus brasiliensis), a marine halfbeak

    Hemiramphidae is a family of fishes that are commonly called halfbeaks, spipe fish or spipefish. They are a geographically widespread and numerically abundant family of epipelagic fish inhabiting warm waters around the world. The halfbeaks are named for their distinctive jaws, in which the lower jaws are significantly longer than the upper jaws. The similar viviparous halfbeaks (family Zenarchopteridae) have often been included in this family.

    Though not commercially important themselves, these forage fish support artisanal fisheries and local markets worldwide. They are also fed upon by other commercially important predatory fishes, such as billfishes, mackerels, and sharks. (Full article...)
  • Image 10 The Sacred Cod in its "natural habitat". "Humble the subject and homely the design; yet this painted image bears on its finny front a majesty greater than the dignity that art can lend to graven gold or chiselled marble", said an 1895 paean by Massachusetts legislators.[C]: 12  The Sacred Cod is a four-foot-eleven-inch (150 cm) carved-wood effigy of an Atlantic codfish, painted to the life, hanging in the House of Representatives chamber of Boston's Massachusetts State House‍—‌"a memorial of the importance of the Cod-Fishery to the welfare of this Commonwealth" (i.e. Massachusetts, of which cod is officially the "historic and continuing symbol"). The Sacred Cod has gone through as many as three incarnations over three centuries: the first (if it really existed‍—‌the authoritative source calling it a "prehistoric creature of tradition") was lost in a 1747 fire; the second disappeared during the American Revolution; and the third, installed in 1784, is the one seen in the House chamber today. "Sacred Cod" is not a formal name but a nickname which appeared in 1895, soon after the carving was termed "the sacred emblem" by a House committee appointed "to investigate the significance of the emblem [which] has kept its place under all administrations, and has looked upon outgoing and incoming legislative assemblies, for more than one hundred years".[C]: 3–4, 12  Soon sacred cod was being used in reference to actual codfish as well, in recognition of the creature's role in building Massachusetts's prosperity and influence since early colonial times. (Full article...)
    Image 10

    The Sacred Cod in its "natural habitat".
    "Humble the subject and homely the design; yet this painted image bears on its finny front a majesty greater than the dignity that art can lend to graven gold or chiselled marble", said an 1895 paean by Massachusetts legislators.[C]: 12 

    The Sacred Cod is a four-foot-eleven-inch (150 cm) carved-wood effigy of an Atlantic codfish, painted to the life, hanging in the House of Representatives chamber of Boston's Massachusetts State House‍—‌"a memorial of the importance of the Cod-Fishery to the welfare of this Commonwealth"
    (i.e. Massachusetts, of which cod is officially the "historic and continuing symbol").
    The Sacred Cod has gone through as many as three incarnations over three centuries: the first
    (if it really existed‍—‌the authoritative source calling it a "prehistoric creature of tradition")
    was lost in a 1747 fire; the second disappeared during the American Revolution; and the third, installed in 1784, is the one seen in the House chamber today.

    "Sacred Cod" is not a formal name but a nickname which appeared in 1895, soon after the carving was termed "the sacred emblem" by a House committee appointed "to investigate the significance of the emblem [which] has kept its place under all administrations, and has looked upon outgoing and incoming legislative assemblies, for more than one hundred years".[C]: 3–4, 12  Soon sacred cod was being used in reference to actual codfish as well, in recognition of the creature's role in building Massachusetts's prosperity and influence since early colonial times. (Full article...)
  • Image 11 Stephanolepis cirrhifer Stephanolepis cirrhifer, commonly known as the thread-sail filefish, is a species of marine fish in the family Monacanthidae. It is found in the western Pacific, in an area that ranges from northern Japan to the East China Sea, to Korea. The fish grows to a maximum length of about 12 inches (30 centimetres), and consumes both plant material and small marine organisms like skeleton shrimp. S. cirrhifer is host of the parasite Peniculus minuticaudae. Some minor genetic differentiation between S. cirrhifer born in the wild and those bred in a hatchery for consumer use has been shown. The fish is edible and sold commercially for culinary purposes in many Asian countries. (Full article...)
    Image 11

    Stephanolepis cirrhifer

    Stephanolepis cirrhifer, commonly known as the thread-sail filefish, is a species of marine fish in the family Monacanthidae. It is found in the western Pacific, in an area that ranges from northern Japan to the East China Sea, to Korea. The fish grows to a maximum length of about 12 inches (30 centimetres), and consumes both plant material and small marine organisms like skeleton shrimp. S. cirrhifer is host of the parasite Peniculus minuticaudae. Some minor genetic differentiation between S. cirrhifer born in the wild and those bred in a hatchery for consumer use has been shown. The fish is edible and sold commercially for culinary purposes in many Asian countries. (Full article...)
  • Image 12 Rhina ancylostoma, also known as the bowmouth guitarfish, shark ray or mud skate, is a species of ray and a member of the family Rhinidae. Its evolutionary affinities are not fully resolved, though it may be related to true guitarfishes and skates. This rare species occurs widely in the tropical coastal waters of the western Indo-Pacific, at depths of up to 90 m (300 ft). Highly distinctive in appearance, Rhina ancylostoma has a wide and thick body with a rounded snout and large shark-like dorsal and tail fins. Its mouth forms a W-shaped undulating line, and there are multiple thorny ridges over its head and back. It has a dorsal color pattern of many white spots over a bluish gray to brown background, with a pair of prominent black markings over the pectoral fins. This large species can reach a length of 2.7 m (8.9 ft) and weight of 135 kg (298 lb). Usually found near the sea floor, the bowmouth guitarfish prefers sandy or muddy areas near underwater structures. It is a strong-swimming predator of bony fishes, crustaceans, and molluscs. This species gives live birth to litters of two to eleven pups, which are nourished during gestation by yolk. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed Rhina ancylostoma as Critically Endangered because it is widely caught by artisanal and commercial fisheries for its valuable fins and meat. It is viewed as a nuisance by trawlers, however, because its bulk and thorny skin cause it to damage netted catches. Habitat degradation and destruction pose an additional, significant challenge to this ray's survival. The bowmouth guitarfish adapts well to captivity and is displayed in public aquariums. (Full article...)
    Image 12

    Rhina ancylostoma, also known as the bowmouth guitarfish, shark ray or mud skate, is a species of ray and a member of the family Rhinidae. Its evolutionary affinities are not fully resolved, though it may be related to true guitarfishes and skates. This rare species occurs widely in the tropical coastal waters of the western Indo-Pacific, at depths of up to 90 m (300 ft). Highly distinctive in appearance, Rhina ancylostoma has a wide and thick body with a rounded snout and large shark-like dorsal and tail fins. Its mouth forms a W-shaped undulating line, and there are multiple thorny ridges over its head and back. It has a dorsal color pattern of many white spots over a bluish gray to brown background, with a pair of prominent black markings over the pectoral fins. This large species can reach a length of 2.7 m (8.9 ft) and weight of 135 kg (298 lb).

    Usually found near the sea floor, the bowmouth guitarfish prefers sandy or muddy areas near underwater structures. It is a strong-swimming predator of bony fishes, crustaceans, and molluscs. This species gives live birth to litters of two to eleven pups, which are nourished during gestation by yolk. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed Rhina ancylostoma as Critically Endangered because it is widely caught by artisanal and commercial fisheries for its valuable fins and meat. It is viewed as a nuisance by trawlers, however, because its bulk and thorny skin cause it to damage netted catches. Habitat degradation and destruction pose an additional, significant challenge to this ray's survival. The bowmouth guitarfish adapts well to captivity and is displayed in public aquariums. (Full article...)
  • Image 13 The onefin electric ray or Cape numbfish (Narke capensis) is a common but little-known species of electric ray in the family Narkidae, native to South Africa and Namibia. It is a benthic fish found in shallow coastal bays over sandy or muddy bottoms. This small species reaches 38 cm (15 in) in length, and has a nearly circular pectoral fin disc and a short, muscular tail that supports a large caudal fin. It can be identified by its single dorsal fin, which is located over the large pelvic fins. Its dorsal coloration is yellowish to dusky brown. Like other members of its family, the onefin electric ray can defend itself with a strong electric shock produced from a pair of kidney-shaped electric organs beside its head. It feeds mainly on polychaete worms, and likely gives birth to live young. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) presently lacks enough information to assess the conservation status of this species. It is often caught incidentally by bottom trawl fisheries off South Africa, and may also be impacted by pollution from coastal development. (Full article...)
    Image 13

    The onefin electric ray or Cape numbfish (Narke capensis) is a common but little-known species of electric ray in the family Narkidae, native to South Africa and Namibia. It is a benthic fish found in shallow coastal bays over sandy or muddy bottoms. This small species reaches 38 cm (15 in) in length, and has a nearly circular pectoral fin disc and a short, muscular tail that supports a large caudal fin. It can be identified by its single dorsal fin, which is located over the large pelvic fins. Its dorsal coloration is yellowish to dusky brown.

    Like other members of its family, the onefin electric ray can defend itself with a strong electric shock produced from a pair of kidney-shaped electric organs beside its head. It feeds mainly on polychaete worms, and likely gives birth to live young. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) presently lacks enough information to assess the conservation status of this species. It is often caught incidentally by bottom trawl fisheries off South Africa, and may also be impacted by pollution from coastal development. (Full article...)
  • Image 14 The false catshark or sofa shark (Pseudotriakis microdon) is a species of ground shark in the family Pseudotriakidae, and the sole member of its genus. It has a worldwide distribution, and has most commonly been recorded close to the bottom over continental and insular slopes, at depths of 500–1,400 m (1,600–4,600 ft). Reaching 3.0 m (9.8 ft) in length, this heavy-bodied shark can be readily identified by its elongated, keel-like first dorsal fin. It has long, narrow eyes and a large mouth filled with numerous tiny teeth. It is usually dark brown in color, though a few are light gray. With flabby muscles and a large oily liver, the false catshark is a slow-moving predator and scavenger of a variety of fishes and invertebrates. It has a viviparous mode of reproduction, featuring an unusual form of oophagy in which the developing embryos consume ova or egg fragments released by the mother and use the yolk material to replenish their external yolk sacs for later use. This species typically gives birth to two pups at a time. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed the conservation status of the false catshark as Least-concern. While neither targeted by fisheries nor commercially valuable, it is caught incidentally by longlines and bottom trawls, and its low reproductive rate may render it susceptible to population depletion. (Full article...)
    Image 14

    The false catshark or sofa shark (Pseudotriakis microdon) is a species of ground shark in the family Pseudotriakidae, and the sole member of its genus. It has a worldwide distribution, and has most commonly been recorded close to the bottom over continental and insular slopes, at depths of 500–1,400 m (1,600–4,600 ft). Reaching 3.0 m (9.8 ft) in length, this heavy-bodied shark can be readily identified by its elongated, keel-like first dorsal fin. It has long, narrow eyes and a large mouth filled with numerous tiny teeth. It is usually dark brown in color, though a few are light gray.

    With flabby muscles and a large oily liver, the false catshark is a slow-moving predator and scavenger of a variety of fishes and invertebrates. It has a viviparous mode of reproduction, featuring an unusual form of oophagy in which the developing embryos consume ova or egg fragments released by the mother and use the yolk material to replenish their external yolk sacs for later use. This species typically gives birth to two pups at a time. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed the conservation status of the false catshark as Least-concern. While neither targeted by fisheries nor commercially valuable, it is caught incidentally by longlines and bottom trawls, and its low reproductive rate may render it susceptible to population depletion. (Full article...)
  • Image 15 Teleosts of different orders, painted by Castelnau, 1856 (left to right, top to bottom): Fistularia tabacaria (Syngnathiformes), Mylossoma duriventre (Characiformes), Mesonauta acora (Cichliformes), Corydoras splendens and Pseudacanthicus spinosus (Siluriformes), Acanthurus coeruleus (Acanthuriformes), Stegastes pictus (Incertae sedis, Pomacentridae) Teleostei (/ˌtɛliˈɒstiaɪ/; Greek teleios "complete" + osteon "bone"), members of which are known as teleosts (/ˈtɛliɒsts, ˈtiːli-/), is, by far, the largest infraclass in the class Actinopterygii, the ray-finned fishes, and contains 96% of all extant species of fish. Teleosts are arranged into about 40 orders and 448 families. Over 26,000 species have been described. Teleosts range from giant oarfish measuring 7.6 m (25 ft) or more, and ocean sunfish weighing over 2 t (2.0 long tons; 2.2 short tons), to the minute male anglerfish Photocorynus spiniceps, just 6.2 mm (0.24 in) long. Including not only torpedo-shaped fish built for speed, teleosts can be flattened vertically or horizontally, be elongated cylinders or take specialised shapes as in anglerfish and seahorses. The difference between teleosts and other bony fish lies mainly in their jaw bones; teleosts have a movable premaxilla and corresponding modifications in the jaw musculature which make it possible for them to protrude their jaws outwards from the mouth. This is of great advantage, enabling them to grab prey and draw it into the mouth. In more derived teleosts, the enlarged premaxilla is the main tooth-bearing bone, and the maxilla, which is attached to the lower jaw, acts as a lever, pushing and pulling the premaxilla as the mouth is opened and closed. Other bones further back in the mouth serve to grind and swallow food. Another difference is that the upper and lower lobes of the tail (caudal) fin are about equal in size. The spine ends at the caudal peduncle, distinguishing this group from other fish in which the spine extends into the upper lobe of the tail fin. (Full article...)
    Image 15

    Teleosts of different orders, painted by Castelnau, 1856 (left to right, top to bottom): Fistularia tabacaria (Syngnathiformes), Mylossoma duriventre (Characiformes), Mesonauta acora (Cichliformes), Corydoras splendens and Pseudacanthicus spinosus (Siluriformes), Acanthurus coeruleus (Acanthuriformes), Stegastes pictus (Incertae sedis, Pomacentridae)

    Teleostei (/ˌtɛliˈɒstiaɪ/; Greek teleios "complete" + osteon "bone"), members of which are known as teleosts (/ˈtɛliɒsts, ˈtiːli-/), is, by far, the largest infraclass in the class Actinopterygii, the ray-finned fishes, and contains 96% of all extant species of fish. Teleosts are arranged into about 40 orders and 448 families. Over 26,000 species have been described. Teleosts range from giant oarfish measuring 7.6 m (25 ft) or more, and ocean sunfish weighing over 2 t (2.0 long tons; 2.2 short tons), to the minute male anglerfish Photocorynus spiniceps, just 6.2 mm (0.24 in) long. Including not only torpedo-shaped fish built for speed, teleosts can be flattened vertically or horizontally, be elongated cylinders or take specialised shapes as in anglerfish and seahorses.

    The difference between teleosts and other bony fish lies mainly in their jaw bones; teleosts have a movable premaxilla and corresponding modifications in the jaw musculature which make it possible for them to protrude their jaws outwards from the mouth. This is of great advantage, enabling them to grab prey and draw it into the mouth. In more derived teleosts, the enlarged premaxilla is the main tooth-bearing bone, and the maxilla, which is attached to the lower jaw, acts as a lever, pushing and pulling the premaxilla as the mouth is opened and closed. Other bones further back in the mouth serve to grind and swallow food. Another difference is that the upper and lower lobes of the tail (caudal) fin are about equal in size. The spine ends at the caudal peduncle, distinguishing this group from other fish in which the spine extends into the upper lobe of the tail fin. (Full article...)

Избранная рыба –показать еще

Каранксы ( Caranx ruber ), также известные как карбонеро , кохинуа , красный каранксы , сине-полосатая кавалла или проходной каранксы , являются распространенным видом прибрежных морских рыб , отнесенных к семейству каранксов , ставридовые . Каранксы распространены в западной части Атлантического океана от Нью-Джерси и Бермудских островов на севере до Венесуэлы и, возможно, Бразилии на юге, с самой большой популяцией в Мексиканском заливе и Вест-Индии . Каранксы наиболее просто отличаются от подобных каранксов своей темной горизонтальной полосой, которая проходит вдоль спины и вниз по хвостовому плавнику , часто сопровождаемой электрической синей полосой непосредственно под ней. Другие более подробные различия включают в себя зубную систему и количество мягких лучей. Каранксы — это умеренно крупный вид, достигающий зарегистрированного максимума в 65 см (26 дюймов) и веса 6,8 кг (15 фунтов). Вид обитает в чистых мелководьях, часто над коралловыми рифами , где он живет либо поодиночке, либо большими стаями , добывая в качестве добычи различных рыб, ракообразных и головоногих . Исследования на Кубе показывают, что нерест происходит в период с марта по август, а половая зрелость наступает при длине 26 см. Это относительно популярная спортивная рыба , которую можно поймать на легкие снасти с различными приманками и наживками. Она считается хорошей пищевой рыбой, однако многие зарегистрированные случаи сигуатеры приписываются этому виду, причем большинство случаев, зарегистрированных на острове Сент -Томас, связаны с этим единственным видом. ( Полная статья... )

Список избранных статей о рыбе

Вы знали(сгенерировано автоматически)-загрузить новую партию

  • ... что в 1974 году в искусственное озеро Государственного парка Грин-Вэлли в Айове, который был открыт ровно 69 лет назад, было добавлено несколько видов рыб ?
  • ... что песня Бритни Спирс 2011 года « Selfish » достигла первого места в чарте iTunes в 2024 году?
  • ... что заброшенный универмаг New World в Бангкоке стал домом для тысяч рыб?
  • ... что проект плотины Теллико был спорным из-за приобретения сельскохозяйственных земель для строительства недвижимости, утраты мест проживания коренных американцев и нанесения ущерба среде обитания исчезающих видов рыб?
  • ... что Ground Round попытался разнообразить свое мясное меню такими блюдами, как рыба-меч и мексиканская пицца?
  • ... что после того, как британская армия захватила Нью-Йорк в 1776 году, Сэмюэл Лаудон бежал в деревню Фишкилл , где основал первое в штате почтовое отделение?

Общие изображения -загрузить новую партию

Ниже приведены изображения из различных статей Википедии, посвященных рыбам.
редактировать 

Избранные изображения

Выбранная цитата

Список статей

Темы

Ихтиология  :Анатомия рыб , Развитие рыб , Болезни рыб , Движение рыб , Миграция рыб , Термины ихтиологии , Лимнология , Морская биология , Меристика , Океанография , Нерест
Таксоны:Chondrichthyes , Osteichthyes , Actinopterygii , Sarcopterygii , Chondrostei , Neopterygii , Holostei , Teleostei , Osteoglossomorpha , Elopomorpha , Clupeomorpha , Ostariophysi , Cyclosquamata , Scopelomorpha , Lampridiomorpha , Polymyxiomorpha , Paracanthopterygii , Acanthopterygii
Рыболовство  :Рыболовство , Аквакультура , Рыболовство , Рыба как еда , Рыбоводство , Рыбный рынок , Управление рыболовством , Рыбная промышленность , Перелов
Рыба, употребляемая в пищу:Анчоус , Барбус , Баса , Окунь , Карп , Сом , Треска , Угорь , Камбала , Бычок , Гурами , Пикша , Сельдь , Скумбрия , Жирная рыба , Окунь , Сайда , Лосось , Луциан , Змееголов , Осетр , Тилапия , Форель , Тунец , Сиг
Содержание рыбы  :Аэрация , Аквариум , Корм ​​для рыб , Морской аквариум , Рифовый аквариум , Аквариум с солоноватой водой
Декоративные рыбы:Рыба-ангел (пресноводная) , Рыба-ангел (морская) , Барбус , Морская собачка , Рыба-кубик , Рыба-бабочка , Цихлида , Хромис , Рыба -клоун , Коридорас , Ласточка , Данио , Дискус , Бычок , Золотая рыбка , Гурами , Кои , Рыба - лев [ необходимо разъяснение ] , Живородящая , Вьюн , Мбуна , Радужница , Рыба-собака , Расбора , Морской конек , Сиамская бойцовая рыбка , Сом-присоска , Хирург , Тетра , Рыба-спинорог , Губан
Другие:Земноводная рыба , Электрическая рыба , Глубоководная рыба , Ихтис , Русалка , Доисторическая рыба , Скат , Акула , Ходячая рыба

Категории

Что вы можете сделать


Вот несколько заданий, которые вы можете выполнить, организованных WikiProject Fishes . Если вы заинтересованы, пожалуйста, зарегистрируйтесь на странице проекта.

  • Копирование :
  • Развернуть : Барбус (вид рыб) , рыболовная промышленность , Большой аргентинский , Золотисто-пятнистый плеко , Анатомия рыб , Черный бычок , Poecilia caucana , Стрелозубая камбала , Пайютская форель-головорез , Serrasalmus , Pygocentrus , Большая игла-рыба , Малая игла-рыба
  • Разработать избранную статью : Океаническая луна-рыба рискует потерять статус избранной статьи — срочно необходимы улучшения.
  • Рецензия : Весенняя пещерная рыба , Конвиктовая цихлида , Hoplosternum littorale , Короткорылый осетр
  • Запросы статей : Отсутствующие темы о Рыбе , запросы статей о Девонском проекте по рыбе , Йорг Фрейхоф
  • Запрос изображения: Phreatobius cisternarum , Scoloplax , Nematogenys inermis , сом из Чьяпаса (Загрузите любые изображения рыб, не защищенные авторским правом, в соответствующий раздел Wikimedia Commons)
  • Идентификация изображений: идентификация и перемещение изображений в соответствующий раздел Wikimedia Commons.
  • Сотрудничество : Тихоокеанская ставрида ( править  | обсуждать  | история  | защищать  | удалять  | ссылки | смотреть | журналы | просмотры)
  • Оценка : Оцените качество и важность рыбных изделий.
  • Другое : Расширить разделы «Анатомия рыб» и «Передвижение рыб» , Создать статьи по двум отсутствующим семействам Perciformes ( Bembropidae и Zanclorhynchidae). Объединить тексты, пожертвованные GLAM/ARKive, в статьи об исчезающих видах.

    • Если у вас есть вопросы, комментарии или предложения, пожалуйста, обсудите их здесь .

    просмотр • редактирование • обсуждение • история • просмотр

    Рыбный портал: мини-издание

    Мини - версия портала Fish Portal доступна для использования на странице пользователя или странице обсуждения википедии. Она занимает минимум места, но сохраняет множество важных функций портала. Чтобы использовать ее, разместите {{Portal:Fish/Mini portal}} на указанной странице. Пример мини-портала на странице пользователя см. здесь .

    WikiProjects

    Смотрите также

    Рыбная викторина

    Fish Quiz — это дружеский конкурс-викторина, призванный проверить ваши общие знания о рыбах. Текущая игра — Fish Quiz Tournament X. Узнать больше и присоединиться к игре можно здесь .

    Ассоциированный Викимедиа

    Более подробную информацию по этой теме можно найти в следующих родственных проектах Фонда Викимедиа :


    • Бесплатный репозиторий Commons
    • Wikibooks
      Бесплатные учебники и руководства
    • Wikidata
      Бесплатная база знаний
    • Wikinews
      Новости свободного контента
    • Wikiquote
      Коллекция цитат
    • Wikisource
      Библиотека свободного контента
    • Wikiversity
      Бесплатные инструменты обучения
    • Викисловарь
      и тезаурус

    Больше порталов

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