The frilled shark (Chlamydoselachus anguineus), also known as the lizard shark, is one of the two extant species of shark in the familyChlamydoselachidae (the other is the southern African frilled shark, Chlamydoselachus africana). The frilled shark is considered a living fossil, because of its primitive, anguilliform (eel-like) physical traits, such as a dark-brown color, amphistyly (the articulation of the jaws to the cranium), and a 2.0 m (6.6 ft)–long body, which has dorsal, pelvic, and anal fins located towards the tail. The common name, frilled shark, derives from the fringed appearance of the six pairs of gill slits at the shark's throat.
The two species of frilled shark are distributed throughout regions of the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans, usually in the waters of the outer continental shelf and of the upper continental slope, where the sharks usually live near the ocean floor, near biologically productive areas of the ecosystem. To live on a diet of cephalopods, smaller sharks, and bony fish, the frilled shark practices diel vertical migration to feed at night at the surface of the ocean. When hunting food, the frilled shark curls its tail against a rock and moves like an eel, bending and lunging to capture and swallow whole prey with its long and flexible jaws, which are equipped with 300 recurved, needle-like teeth. (Full article...)
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The nervous shark (Carcharhinus cautus) is a species of requiem shark, and part of the family Carcharhinidae, so named because of its timid behavior in regard to humans. It is common in shallow, coastal waters off northern Australia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands. A small brownish or grayish shark typically measuring 1.0–1.3 m (3.3–4.3 ft) long, this species has a short, blunt snout, oval eyes, and a relatively large second dorsal fin. The leading margins of most fins are finely edged with black, and the lower caudal fin lobe is black-tipped.
The bluespotted ribbontail ray (Taeniura lymma) is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae. Found from the intertidal zone to a depth of 30 m (100 ft), this species is common throughout the tropical Indian and western Pacific Oceans in nearshore, coral reef-associated habitats. It is a fairly small ray, not exceeding 35 cm (14 in) in width, with a mostly smooth, oval pectoral fin disc, large protruding eyes, and a relatively short and thick tail with a deep fin fold underneath. It can be easily identified by its striking color pattern of many electric blue spots on a yellowish background, with a pair of blue stripes on the tail.
At night, small groups of bluespotted ribbontail rays follow the rising tide onto sandy flats to root for small benthic invertebrates and bony fishes in the sediment. When the tide recedes, the rays separate and withdraw to shelters on the reef. Reproduction is aplacental viviparous, with females giving birth to litters of up to seven young. This ray is capable of injuring humans with its venomous tail spines, though it prefers to flee if threatened. Because of its beauty and size, the bluespotted ribbontail ray is popular with private aquarists despite being poorly suited to captivity. (Full article...)
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The smalltail shark (Carcharhinus porosus) is a species of requiem shark, and part of the familyCarcharhinidae. It is found in the western Atlantic Ocean, from the northern Gulf of Mexico to southern Brazil. It inhabits shallow waters close to shore, particularly over muddy bottoms around estuaries. It tends to swim low in the water column and forms large aggregations segregated by sex. A slim species generally not exceeding 1.1 m (3.6 ft) in length, the smalltail shark has a rather long, pointed snout, a broad, triangular first dorsal fin, and a second dorsal fin that originates over the midpoint of the anal fin base. It is plain gray in color, without prominent markings on its fins.
The sicklefin lemon shark (Negaprion acutidens) or sharptooth lemon shark is a species of requiem shark belonging to the family Carcharhinidae, widely distributed in the tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific. It is closely related to the better-known lemon shark (N. brevirostris) of the Americas; the two species are almost identical in appearance, both being stout-bodied sharks with broad heads, two dorsal fins of nearly equal size, and a plain yellow-tinged coloration. As its common name suggests, the sicklefin lemon shark differs from its American counterpart in having more falcate (sickle-shaped) fins. This large species grows up to 3.8 m (12 ft) long. It generally inhabits water less than 92 m (302 ft) deep in a variety of habitats, from mangroveestuaries to coral reefs.
A slow-moving predator feeding mainly on bony fishes, the sicklefin lemon shark seldom travels long distances and many individuals can be found year-round at certain locations. Like other members of its family, this species is viviparous, with females giving birth to no more than 13 pups every other year, following a gestation period of 10–11 months. Although they are potentially dangerous to humans and known to respond vigorously to any provocation, under normal circumstances, sicklefin lemon sharks are cautious and tend to retreat if approached. The IUCN has assessed this species as Endangered; its low reproductive productivity and rate of movement limits the capacity of depleted stocks to recover. Off India and Southeast Asia, this species has been severely depleted or extirpated by unregulated exploitation for its meat, fins, and liver oil. (Full article...)
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The milk shark (Rhizoprionodon acutus) is a species of requiem shark, and part of the familyCarcharhinidae, whose common name comes from an Indian belief that consumption of its meat promotes lactation. The largest and most widely distributed member of its genus, the milk shark typically measures 1.1 m (3.6 ft) long, and can be found in coastal tropical waters throughout the eastern Atlantic and the Indo-Pacific regions. Occurring from the surface to a depth of 200 m (660 ft), this species is common near beaches and in estuaries, and has been recorded swimming up rivers in Cambodia. Juveniles are known to inhabit tidal pools and seagrass meadows. The milk shark has a slender body with a long, pointed snout and large eyes, and is a nondescript gray above and white below. This shark can be distinguished from similar species in its range by the long furrows at the corners of its mouth, and seven to 15 enlarged pores just above them.
The ocellated electric ray or bullseye electric ray (Diplobatis ommata) is a species of electric ray in the familyNarcinidae, native to the shallow inshore waters of the eastern central Pacific from the Gulf of California to Ecuador. Reaching 25 cm (9.8 in) in length, this species has a rounded pectoral fin disc and pelvic fins with convex margins. Its short and thick tail bears two dorsal fins and terminates in a triangular caudal fin. The ocellated electric ray is named for the distinctive large eyespot on the middle of its disc, consisting of a black or yellow center surrounded by concentric rings. Its dorsal coloration is otherwise highly variable, ranging from plain to ornately patterned on a light to dark brown background. The front part of its disc is darker brown.
Alopias palatasi, commonly referred to as the serrated giant thresher, is an extinct species of giant thresher shark that lived approximately 20.44 to 13.7 million years ago during the Miocene epoch, and is known for its uniquely serrated teeth. It is only known from such isolated teeth, which are large and can measure up to an excess of 4 centimetres (2 in), equating to a size rivaling the great white shark, but are rare and found in deposits in the East Coast of the United States and Malta. Teeth of A. palatasi are strikingly similar to those of the giant thresher Alopias grandis, and the former has been considered as a variant of the latter in the past. Scientists hypothesized that A. palatasi may have had attained lengths comparable with the great white shark and a body outline similar to it. (Full article...)
The bigeye thresher (Alopias superciliosus) is a species of thresher shark, family Alopiidae, found in temperate and tropical oceans worldwide. Like the other thresher sharks, nearly half its total length consists of the elongated upper lobe of the tail fin. Its common name comes from its enormous eyes, which are placed in keyhole-shaped sockets that allow them to be rotated upward. This species can also be distinguished by a pair of deep grooves on the top of its head, from which its scientific name is derived.
The large eyes of the bigeye thresher are adapted for hunting in low light conditions. It is one of the few sharks that conduct a diel vertical migration, staying in deep water during the day and moving into surface waters at night to feed. To protect its sensitive brain and eyes from the temperature changes accompanying these movements, the bigeye thresher has a vascular exchange system called the rete mirabile around those organs. This species feeds mainly on fish and squid, which are stunned via whip-like strikes of the long tail. Bigeye threshers are ovoviviparous, usually bearing litters of two pups. The embryos are oophagous and feed on ova produced by the mother while inside the uterus. This shark is caught by commercial fisheries across its range; the meat is not highly regarded but the skin, fins, and liver oil are valued. It has been assessed as Vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). (Full article...)
Cretoxyrhina (/krɪˌtɒksiˈrhaɪnə/; meaning 'Cretaceous sharp-nose') is an extinct genus of large mackerel shark that lived about 107 to 73 million years ago during the late Albian to late Campanian of the Late Cretaceous. The type species, C. mantelli, is more commonly referred to as the Ginsu shark, first popularized in reference to the Ginsu knife, as its theoretical feeding mechanism is often compared with the "slicing and dicing" when one uses the knife. Cretoxyrhina is traditionally classified as the likely sole member of the familyCretoxyrhinidae but other taxonomic placements have been proposed, such as within the Alopiidae and Lamnidae.
Measuring up to 8 m (26 ft) in length and weighing over 4,944 kg (10,900 lb), Cretoxyrhina was one of the largest sharks of its time. Having a similar appearance and build to the modern great white shark, it was an apex predator in its ecosystem and preyed on a large variety of marine animals including mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, sharks and other large fish, pterosaurs, and occasionally dinosaurs. Its teeth, up to 8 cm (3.1 in) long, were razor-like and had thick enamel built for stabbing and slicing prey. Cretoxyrhina was also among the fastest-swimming sharks, with hydrodynamic calculations suggesting burst speeds of up to 70 km/h (43 mph). It has been speculated that Cretoxyrhina hunted by lunging at its prey at high speeds to inflict powerful blows, similar to the great white shark today, and relied on strong eyesight to do so. (Full article...)
The pink whipray (Pateobatis fai) is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, with a wide but ill-defined distribution in the tropicalIndo-Pacific from southern Africa to Polynesia. It is a bottom dweller that generally inhabits shallow water under 70 m (230 ft) deep, in sandy areas associated with coral reefs. Individuals exhibit a high degree of fidelity to particular locations. The pink whipray has a diamond-shaped pectoral fin disc wider than long, with a broad-angled snout and a very long, whip-like tail without fin folds. It has only a few small thorns on its back and is uniform brownish to grayish pink in color, becoming much darker past the tail sting. This large ray can reach 1.8 m (5.9 ft) across and over 5 m (16 ft) long.
Gregarious in nature, the pink whipray has been known to form large active and resting aggregations, and associate with other large ray species. It preys mainly on prawns, but also consumes other benthicinvertebrates and bony fishes. This species is aplacental viviparous, in which the unborn young are nourished by histotroph ("uterine milk") produced by the mother. Across much of its range, substantial numbers of pink whiprays are caught incidentally by a variety of fishing gear and marketed for meat, skin, and cartilage. It is also of importance to ecotourism, being attracted to visitors with bait. In 2009, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) had listed this species as Least Concern, due to its wide distribution that includes relatively protected areas, such as northern Australia. However, its population is likely declining under heavy fishing pressure, and since 2016 has been assessed as Vulnerable. (Full article...)
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The coral catshark (Atelomycterus marmoratus) is a species of coloured catshark belonging to the familyAtelomycteridae. It is common on shallow coral reefs across the Indo-West Pacific, from Pakistan to New Guinea. Reaching up to 70 cm (28 in) in length, the coral catshark has an extremely slender body, a short head and tail, and two dorsal fins that are angled backwards. It can be identified by the numerous black and white spots on its back, sides, and fins, which often merge to form horizontal bars. Furthermore, adult males have distinctively long and thin claspers.
Гладкая рыба-жаба ( Tetractenos glaber ) — вид рыб семейства иглобрюхих Tetraodontidae . Обитает в мелководных прибрежных и эстуарных водах юго-восточной Австралии, где широко распространена и многочисленна. Французский натуралист Кристоф-Полен де ла Пуа де Фреминвиль описал этот вид в 1813 году, хотя ранние записи путали его с его близким родственником, обыкновенной рыбой-жабой ( T. hamiltonii ). Эти двое являются единственными членами рода Tetractenos, прошедшими несколько таксономических изменений с момента открытия.
До 16 см ( 6+1 ⁄ 4 дюйма) в длину с характерными леопардовыми темными отметинами на спинной стороне, гладкая рыба-жаба имеет округлую переднюю часть и сужается к узкому хвосту сзади. В отличие от большинства своих сородичей, у нее нет выступающих шипов на теле. Как и другие рыбы-иглы, она может надуваться водой или воздухом. Она добывает свою любимую пищу — моллюсков и ракообразных — в песке и иле донного осадка . Часто становясь нежеланной добычей рыболовов, гладкая рыба-жаба очень ядовита из-за тетродотоксина , присутствующего в ее теле, и употребление ее в пищу может привести к смерти. ( Полная статья... )
Image 5Большая акула-молот улавливает электрические сигналы скатов, зарывшихся в песок, и пронзает их своим «молотком». (из раздела « Демерсальные рыбы »)
Image 6Мировое распространение планктона (из Прибрежных рыб )
Image 12Короткопёрая акула-мако совершает длительные сезонные миграции. Они, по-видимому, следуют за температурными градиентами и были зарегистрированы, проплывая более 4500 км за один год. (из Pelagic fish )
Image 18Рыбы, похожие на треску, например, эта моридная треска , имеют усик (мясистую нить) на нижней челюсти, который они используют для обнаружения добычи, зарытой в песок или ил. (из раздела Прибрежные рыбы )
Image 19Аннотированная схема основных внешних признаков глубоководного макруруса и стандартных измерений длины. (из раздела Глубоководные рыбы )
Image 20Большинство мезопелагических рыб — небольшие фильтраторы, которые ночью поднимаются, чтобы питаться в богатых питательными веществами водах эпипелагической зоны. Днем они возвращаются в темные, холодные, бедные кислородом воды мезопелагической зоны, где они относительно защищены от хищников. Фонарные рыбы составляют до 65% всей биомассы глубоководных рыб и в значительной степени отвечают за глубинный рассеивающий слой мировых океанов. (из Pelagic fish )
Image 24Горбатый удильщик — батипелагический хищник, который нападает из засады и привлекает добычу биолюминесцентной приманкой. Он может заглатывать добычу, которая больше его самого, и заглатывает ее вместе с потоком воды, когда открывает рот. (из Pelagic fish )
Image 25На переднем плане спинорог с оранжевыми полосками , демонстрирующий шипы. У спинорогов есть рты, которые дробят раковины. Спинороги с оранжевыми полосками особенно агрессивны. Черно-белые рыбы — это трехполосые ласточки , а неполосатые рыбы — сине-зеленые хромисы . Если спинорог атакует, ласточка спрячется в ближайшем коралле -цветной капусте . Если спинорог захочет спрятаться, он втиснется в расщелину коралла и зафиксируется там своими шипами. (из Coral reef fish )
Image 26У светофорного лохматого летяги нижняя челюсть составляет одну четверть длины его тела. У челюсти нет пола, она крепится только с помощью шарнира и модифицированной языковой кости. За большими клыкообразными зубами спереди следует множество мелких зазубренных зубов. (от Deep-ea fish )
Image 29Звездочет — хищник , нападающий из засады , который может наносить как яд, так и удары током. Его называют «самым подлым созданием в мире». (из « Прибрежные рыбы »)
Image 31Большинство остальных мезопелагических рыб — засадные хищники, как, например, эта саблезубая рыба . Саблезуб использует свои телескопические, направленные вверх глаза, чтобы высматривать добычу, вырисовывающуюся на фоне мрака. Их загнутые назад зубы не дают пойманной рыбе отступить. (из Pelagic fish )
Image 37Люди редко сталкиваются с плащеносными акулами живыми, поэтому они не представляют большой опасности (хотя ученые случайно порезались, исследуя их зубы). (из раздела Глубоководные рыбы )
Image 46Многие виды щетиноротов , такие как "искра угловатый" выше, также являются батипелагическими хищниками-засадниками, которые могут проглотить добычу, большую, чем они сами. Они являются одними из самых многочисленных из всех семейств позвоночных. (из Pelagic fish )
Image 61Рыбы-фонарики являются частичными обитателями эпипелагической зоны океана. Днем они прячутся в глубоких водах, но ночью поднимаются к поверхности в поисках пищи. (из раздела «Пелагические рыбы »)
Image 64Молодые, красные дряблые китовые рыбы совершают ночные вертикальные миграции в нижнюю мезопелагическую зону, чтобы питаться веслоногими рачками . Когда самцы созревают во взрослых особей, у них развивается массивная печень, а затем их челюсти смыкаются. Они больше не едят, но продолжают усваивать энергию, запасенную в печени. (из Pelagic fish )
Image 66Светофор -рыболюк также является одной из немногих рыб, которые производят красную биолюминесценцию . Поскольку большинство их добычи не могут воспринимать красный свет, это позволяет им охотиться с помощью практически невидимого луча света. (из Deep-ea fish )
Image 73Зоны подъема глубинных вод отмечены красным цветом (от пелагических рыб )
Image 74Гигантская китовая акула , еще один обитатель эпипелагической зоны океана, фильтрует планктон и периодически ныряет глубоко в мезопелагическую зону. (из раздела Пелагические рыбы )
Image 79Океанические рыбы обитают в океанической зоне , представляющей собой глубокие открытые воды, расположенные за пределами континентального шельфа. (из раздела Пелагические рыбы )
Image 80Длиннорылая рыба-ланцет . Рыбы-ланцетники — засадные хищники, которые проводят все свое время в мезопелагической зоне. Они являются одними из самых крупных мезопелагических рыб (до 2 м). (из Deep-sea fish )
Гигантский групер ( Epinephelus lanceolatus ), показанный здесь со стаей золотистых каранксов , является крупнейшей костной рыбой, встречающейся в коралловых рифах , и водной эмблемой Квинсленда , Австралия. Этот вид может достигать 2,7 метра (9 футов) в длину и весить до 400 кг (880 фунтов). Они довольно распространены на мелководье и питаются разнообразной морской жизнью, включая небольших акул и молодых морских черепах .
Photograph credit: Rucha Karkarey; edited by John Harrison
The round ribbontail ray (Taeniura meyeni) is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, found throughout the nearshore waters of the tropical Indo-Pacific region. Reaching 1.8 m (6 ft) across, this large ray is characterized by a thick, rounded pectoral fin disc covered by small tubercles on top, and a relatively short tail bearing a single venomous spine. The ray is well-camouflaged when lying on the seabed; it is largely nocturnal, and preys on molluscs, crustaceans and bony fish. Mature females bear litters of up to seven pups, which are fed during gestation on "uterine milk", a product secreted by the walls of the oviduct. This round ribbontail ray was photographed in Lakshadweep, India.
The orbicular batfish (Platax orbicularis) is a batfish endemic to the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It has a thin, disc-shaped body, and male can grow up to 50 centimetres (20 in) in length. In the wild, the orbicular batfish lives in brackish or marine waters, usually around reefs, at depths from 5 to 30 metres (20 to 100 ft). It is also a popular aquarium fish, although captive specimens generally do not grow as long as wild ones.
An Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) egg hatching. The Alevin (larva) has grown around the remains of the yolk sac - visible are the arteries spinning around the yolk and little oildrops, also the gut, the spine, the main caudalblood vessel, the bladder and the arcs of the gills. In about 24 hours it will be a fry without yolk sac.
Koi are ornamental domesticated varieties of the common carpCyprinus carpio, originated from China and widely spread in Japan. They are very closely related to goldfish. The word "koi" comes from Japanese meaning "carp".
A plate with fossils of Pseudostacus sp. (lobster, left) and Diplomystus birdii (fish, right), from the Hakel paleontological formation in Lebanon. The paleontological sites of Lebanon contain deposits of some of the best-preserved fossils in the world, and include some species found nowhere else. The most famous of these is the Lebanese lagerstätten of the Late Cretaceous age.
Author: M. Kraus (Fg-tiger), Uploader: Überraschungsbilder
A discus (Symphysodon discus) is guarding its eggs. As for most cichlids, brood care is highly developed with both the parents caring for the young. Additionally, adult discus produce a secretion through their skin, off which the larvae live during their first few days.
Brachysomophis cirrocheilos, the stargazer snake eel, is a marine fish belonging to the family Ophichthidae. It is native to shallow tropical and subtropical waters in the western Indo-Pacific region. It hunts at night for crustaceans and small fish, after which it submerges itself into the sediment tail first and remains there all day, with just its eyes and the top of its head projecting, as seen here in Batangas Bay in the Philippines.
A sketch of a longnose sawshark (Pristiophorus cirratus), a species of sawshark found in the eastern Indian Ocean around southern Australia on the continental shelf at depths of between 40 and 310 m (130 and 1,020 ft). It is a medium-sized shark with a saw-like flattened snout which measures up to thirty percent of its body size.
The mandarinfish (Synchiropus splendidus, not to be confused with the similarly named mandarin fish) is a small (~6 cm or 2.4 in), brightly-colored member of the dragonet family, popular in the saltwater aquarium trade. The mandarinfish is native to the Western Pacific, ranging approximately from the Ryukyu Islands south to Australia.
The spotted trunkfish (Lactophrys bicaudalis) is a species of ray-finned fish in the family Ostraciidae, native to the Caribbean Sea and parts of the western Atlantic Ocean. Members of this family are known as boxfishes because they have a hard outer covering consisting of hexagonal, plate-like scales fused together into a solid, triangular or box-like carapace. Because of this casing, the body of the spotted trunkfish is not flexible, and locomotion is normally limited to slow movements performed by rippling its dorsal and anal fins and gently beating its pectoral fins. If faster motion is required, it can additionally use its caudal fin for propulsion. This spotted trunkfish was photographed at a depth of about 40 ft (12 m) at Bari Reef, Bonaire.
The Eurasian ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernua) is a species of freshwater fish found in temperate regions of Europe and Asia. The aggressive fish is known to reproduce rapidly, leading to problems when it is introduced to foreign bodies of water.
Icefish are a type of Antarctic fish belonging to various families, including the Channichthyidae family. They have no haemoglobin and their blood is transparent. They feed on krill, copepods, and other fish. Icefish rely on well-oxygenated water and absorb oxygen directly through the skin as they lack red blood cells.
Bryaninops yongei is a benthic species of goby widely distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical waters of the Indian Ocean; it is commonly found living in and around coral. Although this species was discovered in 1906, its ability to propel itself quickly to escape predators makes it difficult to study.
The Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens), or fighting betta is a freshwaterfish related to the paradise fish. The fighting fish is a species in the Gourami family which is popular as an aquarium fish. They are called pla-kad (biting fish) in Thai or trey krem in Khmer. They are a very territorial fish and it is unwise to house two males together. Even the females may become territorial towards each other if not housed in a large enough tank.
«Долой поверхностную и эгоистичную филантропию людей; кто знает, какие замечательные добродетели могут быть у рыб, находящихся ниже уровня моря, преодолевающих тяжелую судьбу, не вызывая восхищения у тех ближних, которые одни только и могут это оценить! Кто слышит, как кричат рыбы?»
--- Генри Дэвид Торо , из книги «Неделя на реках Конкорд и Мерримак»
Вот несколько заданий, которые вы можете выполнить, организованных WikiProject Fishes . Если вы заинтересованы, пожалуйста, зарегистрируйтесь на странице проекта.
Идентификация изображений: идентифицируйте и перемещайте изображения, связанные с рыбами, в соответствующие разделы Wikimedia Commons, особенно изображения неопознанных рыб.
Мини - версия портала Fish Portal доступна для использования на странице пользователя или странице обсуждения википедии. Она занимает минимум места, но сохраняет множество важных функций портала. Чтобы использовать ее, разместите {{Portal:Fish/Mini portal}} на указанной странице. Пример мини-портала на странице пользователя см. здесь .
Fish Quiz — это дружеский конкурс-викторина, призванный проверить ваши общие знания о рыбах. Текущая игра — Fish Quiz Tournament X. Узнать больше и присоединиться к игре можно здесь .
Ассоциированные Викимедиа
Более подробную информацию по этой теме можно найти в следующих родственных проектах Фонда Викимедиа :